Introducing Julia/Migrating From Other Languages
A good general resource is the Noteworthy Differences from Other Languages page from the Julia Manual.
It's also possible to call from Python, R, MATLAB, Rust, JavaScript, Java (and e.g. Scala and Kotlin) and more languages by using libraries such as PyCall.jl or jlrs (a package to call Julia from Rust, and in the other direction), rather than to possibly rewriting working code, and migrate fully that way.
It is possible to call C, without needing any package, using the ccall keyword, but there are also extra packages to help with calling C. Packages to call other language, such as to C++ (or those mentioned above), indirectly use the C-calling mechanism.
MATLAB
- Julia for MATLAB Users Wikibooks
Python
You should use PythonCall.jl to call Python code from Julia.
- [to come]